列夫·托爾斯泰於1899年出版的《復活》（又譯《覺醒》）是一部深刻的小說，探討了罪孽、救贖和社會不公等主題。故事圍繞著一名擔任陪審員的貴族展開，當他認出被告——一名被控謀殺的妓女——竟是他多年前誘姦並拋棄的年輕女子時，他不得不面對自己的過去。在深重的罪惡感掙扎下，他開始致力於幫助她面對流放西伯利亞的嚴酷現實。這段旅程迫使他面對隱藏在特權生活外表下的不公、殘酷和巨大的民間疾苦。透過這個強而有力的故事，托爾斯泰批判了俄羅斯社會、其人造法律以及普遍存在的體制虛偽，同時探索了一個人艱辛追求精神與道德救贖的歷程。
閱讀難易度評分：71.3（7年級程度）。相當容易閱讀。
《復活》（又譯《覺醒》）講述了俄國貴族德米特里·伊凡諾維奇·聶赫留朵夫公爵與底層女子卡秋莎·馬斯洛娃之間關於罪愆、救贖與靈魂覺醒的故事。 馬斯洛娃本是一戶莊園侍女的女兒，十六歲那年，前來探親的貴族青年聶赫留朵夫誘
In Nekhludoff, as in all people, there were two beings; one spiritual, who sought only such happiness for himself as also benefited others; and the animal being, seeking his own happiness for the sake of which he is willing to sacrifice that of the world. During this period of his insane egotism, called forth by the life in the army and in St. Petersburg, the animal man dominated him and completely suppressed the spiritual man. But, seeing Katiousha, and being again imbued with the feelings he formerly experienced復活 卷一 剖析精神與動物性. 這段文字精準提煉了托爾斯泰小說的核心哲學概念，即「精神人」與「動物人」的永恆拉鋸，是理解主角道德覺醒與整部作品靈魂拯救主題的最關鍵鑰匙。
The discord was so great, the defilement so thorough, that at first he despaired of the possibility of a complete cleansing. "Why, you have tried to improve before, and failed," the tempter in his soul whispered. "What is the good of trying again? You are not the only one—all are alike. Such is life." But the free, spiritual being which alone is true, alone powerful, alone eternal, was already awake in Nekhludoff. And he could not help believing復活 卷一 靈魂的掙扎與覺醒. 揭示了人類在面對自身罪惡時最真實的絕望與自我合理化心態，展現出極高的情感強度與深刻的心靈剖析，能讓讀者產生強烈的共鳴。
He felt that he ought to awaken her spirit; that it was extremely difficult to do so; but the very difficulty of the undertaking attracted him. He experienced a feeling toward her which he had never experienced before, either toward her or any one else, and in which there was nothing personal. He desired nothing of her for himself, and only wished her to to cease to be what she was now, and become what she had been before.復活 卷一 獄中探視瑪斯洛娃. 展現了主角性格的重大轉折，，從過去佔有與利用的私欲，昇華為無私的博愛與救贖之情，體現出人物性格轉變的動人光輝。
One thing he knew, however, and that was that she had changed; that a spiritual transformation was taking place in her, and this transformation united him not only to her, but to Him in whose name it was taking place. And this union caused him joyful agitation.復活 卷二 瑪斯洛娃的精神轉變. 這段描繪了救贖行動雙向發酵的奇蹟，證明了精神覺醒不僅發生在主角身上，更感染了受害者，深刻觸及作品關於重生與神聖連結的主旨。
這部偉大的小說由俄國文學巨擘列夫·托爾斯泰（Leo Tolstoy）所著，出版於1899年。這是托爾斯泰晚年最重要且耗時最長的大型創作，集中體現了他晚年對社會、宗教、道德以及法律體系的深刻反思與批判。
故事講述貴族青年聶赫留朵夫在擔任陪審員時，意外發現被告席上涉嫌謀殺的妓女馬斯洛娃，竟是自己年輕時誘惑並拋棄的女子。強烈的罪惡感促使他放棄優渥的生活，為她奔走上訴並跟隨她前往西伯利亞流放。這是一段關於靈魂救贖與直面社會黑暗的深刻旅程。
書名在俄文原意中包含精神重生的意思。英文譯本常譯為《The Awakening》（覺醒），強調主角從麻木的貴族生活中醒悟；而中文傳統多譯為《復活》，意指主人公們在道德與靈魂層面死而復生，重獲新生。兩種譯名皆切中作品核心。
聶赫留朵夫在法庭上目睹馬斯洛娃因司法不公被判重刑後，深刻意識到正是自己的罪過導致了女主角的悲慘命運。為了減輕內心的愧疚，並尋求真正的精神救贖，他決定割捨貴族階層的利益，親自踏上西伯利亞之旅，實踐對自我的懲罰與對社會底層的補償。
在前往西伯利亞的漫長旅途中，馬斯洛娃被轉移到了政治犯隊伍中。在那裡，她結識了瑪利亞·帕夫洛夫娜與西蒙松等高尚的政治犯。同伴們無私的尊重與關懷，讓她擺脫了過去的自暴自棄，心靈逐漸獲得復甦，重新確立了對生活的信心與個人尊嚴。
歷經西伯利亞酷刑與漫長路途的折磨，這場贖罪之旅最終將聶赫留朵夫與馬斯洛娃帶向了命運的分水嶺。當所有的罪愆、痛苦與社會體制的殘酷交織至最高點，兩人的關係與靈魂究竟會迎來寬恕還是永恆的遺撼，答案就在原著的最後幾頁，請親自翻開。